However, current Li-ion batteries, with a specific energy in the range of 100–150 Wh kg 1 [4], cannot provide an average EV with a driving range comparable to that of conventional vehicles. Moreover, relevant LCA studies show that Li-ion battery technologies produce substantial environmental impacts during their life cycle, A Review of Battery Life-Cycle Analysis: L. & Orlenius, J. Life cycle assessment of lithium-ion batteries for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles—critical issues. J. Clean. Prod. 18, 1519 Life Cycle Assessment of a Lithium-Ion Battery Pack Unit Made of Cylindrical Cells Morena Falcone 1,* , Nicolò Federico Quattromini 2,* , Claudio Rossi 2,* and Beatrice Pulvirenti 1,* 1 Department of Industrial Engineering, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Viale Risorgimento, 2, 40136 Bologna, Italy The lithium ion battery used phosphate (LFP) battery by means of LCA, which indicated the in IT market accounted for 81.1% of the lithium-ion battery mar- whole environmental performance of the battery was strongly ket, new energy vehicles and electric bicycles with power lithium dependent on its efficiency and directly tied to the energy This study aims to evaluate the environmental impacts of lithium-ion batteries and conventional lead-acid batteries for stationary grid storage applications using life cycle assessment. The cradle . Dai Q, Kelly CJ, Gaines L, Wang M (2019) Life cycle analysis of lithium-ion batteries for automotive applications. Batteries 5(2) Deng Y, Ma L, Li T, Li J, Yuan C (2018) Life cycle assessment of silicon-nanotube-based lithium ion battery for electric vehicles. ACS Sustain Chem Eng 7(1):599–610. Article Google Scholar The impact of battery electric vehicles (BEV) on global warming is influenced by their battery size and charging electricity source. Therefore, Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) studies of BEV may consider changes in the energy sources for charging and the end-of-life management of used batteries. This study conducts an LCA of a BEV battery pack considering the influences of the charging electricity However, even a rechargeable battery is degrading over time and ultimately all lithium-ion batteries will cease to work. Depending on chemistry, size, configuration and purpose a lithium-ion can perform between 500 to over 10 000 cycles of charging and discharging. This means that a battery that is used every day in a power tool by a professional Life Cycle Assessment of a Lithium-Ion Battery Pack Unit Made of Cylindrical Cells Morena Falcone 1,* , Nicolò Federico Quattromini 2,* , Claudio Rossi 2,* and Beatrice Pulvirenti 1,* 1 Department of Industrial Engineering, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Viale Risorgimento, 2, 40136 Bologna, Italy A comparative life cycle assessment on lithium-ion battery: case study on electric vehicle battery in China considering battery evolution Waste Manag. Res. , 39 ( 2020 ) , Article 0734242X2096663 , 10.1177/0734242X20966637

li ion battery life cycle assessment